The Legacies of a Hawaiian Generation by Judith Schachter

Author:Judith Schachter [Schachter, Judith]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Anthropology, Cultural & Social, Ethnic Studies, General, History, Social History
ISBN: 9781782380122
Google: OTTUAAAAQBAJ
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Published: 2013-09-01T04:22:32+00:00

Notes

1. John Simeona, Life Story, MS., 23 (in the author’s possession).

2. John Simeona to the author, 11 October 1995.

3. Simeona, Life Story, 24.

4. Robert C. Schmitt, Demographic Statistics, 116, 118. Ten years later, Honolulu’s population jumped to 250,000.

5. Rich Budnick, Hawaii’s Forgotten History, 82.

6. Paradise of the Pacific 55, no. 12 (1941), 104.

7. “Sharp tensions in fact existed between and even within the multiplicity of ethnic groups that behued [colored] the island landscape.” Allison J. Gough, “Messing Up Another Country’s Customs,” at FN 9.

8. James H. Shoemaker, Hawaii Emerges, 188–189.

9. Simeona, Work History, MS., 2 (in the author’s possession).

10. A private company called Honolulu Construction and Draying existed on the islands, but in 1941 John was more likely to be working for the conglomerate.

11. Karl C. Dod, Corps of Engineers, 25, 41.

12. “In prewar days, 1,500 acres of sand dunes and cane fields at Waimanalo had been converted into an auxiliary landing field and gunnery range manned by personnel from Wheeler and Hickam Fields”; Gwenfread Allen, Hawaii’s War Years, 227.

13. Simeona, Life Story, 24.

14. In October 1941, Governor Poindexter signed a law to establish 25 cents an hour as minimum wage on O`ahu. Budnick, Hawaii’s Forgotten History, 87.

15. Simeona, Life Story, 24.

16. In 1942, Hawaiian Constructors had a workforce of 7400; Allen, Hawaii’s War Years, 234.

17. Quotation from The Nalo News 2, no. 10 (1978), 3.

18. Fifty years later, after the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of 1990 (finalized in 1995), the removal of graves and other scared sites became a subject of intense controversy in Hawai`i. Greg Johnson, Sacred Claims, chapter 2. See Edward Halealoha Ayau and Ty P. Kāwika Tengan, “Ka Huaka`i O Nā `Ōiwi: The Journey Home,” 171–189. The repatriation process, they claim, is an appropriate way to “navigate through the harsh, often tragic realities of colonization,” 186. Such concerns were not on John’s mind when he began work at Waimānalo in 1941.

19. John Simeona to the author, 11 October 1995.

20. Simeona, Work History, 2.

21. The Corps entered the Pacific with a dual purpose during the war of 1898, America’s first open embrace of imperialism—to build a modern infrastructure in the acquired territories for the military bases as well as to win “the hearts and the minds” of the civilians. See, for instance, for the Philippines, David Brody, Visualizing American Empire, 76–80; Dod, Corps of Engineers, 3; Paul A. Kramer, The Blood of Government, chapter 5.

22. “Side by side with uniformed personnel in Hawaii toiled war workers,” writes Allen in a chapter titled “Warriors in Dungarees.” Hawaii’s War Years, 233.

23. Simeona, Life Story, 25.

24. Ibid.

25. “In ancient times, the extinct volcanic Punchbowl Crater was known as Puowaina which means ‘Consecrated Hill’ or ‘Hill of Sacrifice.’” See http://www.hawaiiweb.com/punchbowl.html, accessed 10 June 2012.

26. Donald Fitzgerald, “Pearl Harbor,” 189.

27. Simeona, Life Story, 25.

28. Simeona, Work History, 3.

29. Simeona, Life Story, 25.

30. The figures come from Budnick’s Hawaii’s Forgotten History, 89. In the confusion, deaths were caused by American fire as well as by Japanese fighter bombers.

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